What is the reason for the high motion accuracy of linear axes?

The reason why linear axes have high motion accuracy is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors.
First, its high-precision processing technology is the key. During the manufacturing process, linear axes usually undergo precision grinding and lapping processes. Grinding can process the surface of the shaft to a very high dimensional accuracy, ensuring that the diameter, cylindricity ,and other parameters of the shaft strictly meet the design requirements. For example, through a high-precision cylindrical grinder, the diameter tolerance of the shaft can be controlled within a very small range. Grinding further refines the surface of the shaft, making its surface roughness extremely low and able to achieve a mirror effect. This smooth surface reduces friction and beating during movement, providing a basis for high-precision movement.
Secondly, the selection and processing of materials also have an important impact on accuracy. High-quality materials, such as alloy steel, have good stability and uniform organizational structure. After proper heat treatment, the internal stress of the material is released, and the hardness and toughness are balanced. This ensures that the linear axis will not affect the motion accuracy due to material deformation during long-term use. For example, the alloy steel linear axis that has been quenched and tempered has a more uniform internal metallographic structure and enhanced ability to resist deformation, thereby ensuring the motion accuracy under different working conditions.
Furthermore, the precise matching of linear shafts and supporting components is an important part of improving motion accuracy. Linear shafts are generally used in conjunction with high-precision linear bearings. The precision of the bearings matches the shaft, and the gap between the two is precisely controlled. The appropriate gap can ensure that the shaft moves smoothly in the bearing, without shaking due to excessive gaps, or getting stuck due to too small gaps.
In addition, the installation and debugging process will also affect the motion accuracy of the linear shaft. During installation, professional tools and equipment are required to ensure that the installation position of the linear shaft is accurate and the relative position accuracy with other components is guaranteed. During the debugging stage, the motion of the linear shaft will be accurately detected and adjusted, and the motion parameters such as the straightness and parallelism of the shaft will be measured and calibrated through high-precision detection equipment such as laser interferometers to achieve the best motion state.
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